Collective Impact is  the commitment of a group of actors from different sectors with a common agenda to solve a specific social problem, using a structured form of collaboration . The concept of collective impact was first articulated in the Stanford Social Innovation Review article 2011 Collective Impact, written by John Kania, CEO of FSG, and Mark Kramer, Kennedy School at Harvard and co-founder of FSG. Collective Impact was voted the #2 Philanthropic Buzzword for 2011, and has been recognized by the White House Council on Community Solutions as an important framework for progress on social issues.

The concept of collective impact is based on the idea that in order for organizations to create lasting solutions to large-scale social problems, they must (1) coordinate their efforts and (2) work together around a clearly defined goal . The collective impact approach (a) contrasts with «single impact,» where organizations work primarily alone to solve societal problems, and (b) builds on earlier work on collaborative leadership ., focused on collective goals, strategic partnerships, collective and independent actions aligned with those goals, shared responsibility, and a backbone with “institutional concern.” Collective Impact argues that organizations must form cross-sector coalitions to achieve meaningful and sustainable progress on social issues.

Five conditions for collective impact: Initiatives must meet five process criteria to be considered “collective impact”:

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